Pathologic diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma

Authors

  • Bárbara Cepero Rosales Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Calixto García", Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García", Departamento de Anatomía Patológica. La Habana, Cuba. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2910-753X
  • Victor Roca Campañá Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Hospital Clínico - Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras", Servicio de Medicina Interna. La Habana, Cuba. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-6521
  • Elvira Yolexis Linares Sosa Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Calixto García", Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García", Departamento de Anatomía Patológica. La Habana, Cuba. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-2839

Keywords:

Lung adenocarcinoma; cytology; immunohistochemistry; clinical pathology

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer is a major global health problem, with adenocarcinoma being the most frequent histological subtype.
Objective: To review recent advances on the pathological diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma and the importance of its classification.
Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and Web of Science (2015-2025). Original articles, systematic reviews, and international consensus on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biomarkers were selected.
Results: The grading system for invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma was analyzed, identifying a ≥ 20 % presence of solid or micropapillary patterns as high-grade. Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS) in surgical specimens is recognized as a pattern of invasion associated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the management of small specimens (biopsy and cytology) is emphasized through the use of minimal immunohistochemistry panels (TTF-1/p40) to preserve tissue for molecular studies (EGFR, ALK, ROS1) and PD-L1 testing.
Conclusions: The integration of updated histological grading criteria, the rational use of immunohistochemistry, and molecular profiling allow for an accurate diagnosis that guides targeted therapy selection, even in small-volume samples.

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Published

2026-08-28

How to Cite

1.
Cepero Rosales B, Roca Campañá V, Linares Sosa EY. Pathologic diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Arch Hosp Univ "Gen Calixto García” [Internet]. 2026 Aug. 28 [cited 2026 Aug. 30];14(2). Available from: https://revcalixto.sld.cu/index.php/ahcg/article/view/1695

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Section

Artículos de Investigación